Document scanning aims to transfer the captured photographs documents into scanned document files. However, current methods based on traditional or key point detection have the problem of low detection accuracy. In this paper, we were the first to propose a document processing system based on semantic segmentation. Our system uses OCRNet to segment documents. Then, perspective transformation and other post-processing algorithms are used to obtain well-scanned documents based on the segmentation result. Meanwhile, we optimized OCRNet's loss function and reached 97.25 MIoU on the test dataset.

The latest, modern security camera systems record numerous data at once. With the utilization of artificial intelligence, these systems can even compose an online attendance register of students present during the lectures. Data is primarily recorded on the hard disk of the NVR (Network Video Recorder), and in the long term, it is recommended to save the data in the blockchain. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate how university security cameras can be securely connected to the blockchain. This would be important for universities as this is sensitive student data that needs to be protected from unauthorized access. In my research, as part of the practical implementation, I therefore also use encryption methods and data fragmentation, which are saved at the nodes of the blockchain. Thus, even a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) type attack may be easily repelled, as data is not concentrated on a single, central server. To further increase security, it is useful to constitute a blockchain capable of its own data storage at the faculty itself, rather than renting data storage space, so we, ourselves may regulate the conditions of operation, and the policy of data protection. As a practical part of my research, therefore, I created a blockchain called UEDSC (Universities Data Storage Chain) where I saved the student's data.

Vulnerability assessment is an important process for network security. However, most commonly used vulnerability assessment methods still rely on expert experience or rule-based automated scripts, which are difficult to meet the security requirements of increasingly complex network environment. In recent years, although scientists and engineers have made great progress on artificial intelligence in both theory and practice, it is a challenging to manufacture a mature high-quality intelligent products in the field of network security, especially in penetration testing based vulnerability assessment for enterprises. Therefore, in order to realize the intelligent penetration testing, Vul.AI with its rich experience in cyber attack and defense for many years has designed and developed a set of intelligent penetration and attack simulation system Ai.Scan, which is based on attack chain, knowledge graph and related evaluation algorithms. In this paper, the realization principle, main functions and application scenarios of Ai.Scan are introduced in detail.

The heterogeneity of network traffic features brings quantitative calculation problems to the matching between network data. In order to solve the above fuzzy matching problem between the heterogeneous network feature data, a quantitative matching method for network traffic features is proposed in this paper. By constructing the numerical expression method of network traffic features, the numerical expression of key features of network data is realized. By constructing the suitable section calculation methods for the similarity of different network traffic features, the personalized quantitative matching for heterogeneous network data features is realized according to the actual meaning of different features. By defining the weight of network traffic features, the quantitative importance value of different features is realized. The weighted sum mathematical method is used to accurately calculate the overall similarity value between network data. The effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments is verified. The experimental results show that the proposed matching method can be used to calculate the similarity value between network data, and the quantitative calculation purpose of network traffic feature matching with heterogeneous features is realized.

This paper proposes a vehicle violation determination system based on improved YOLOv5 algorithm, which performs vehicle violation determination on a single unit at a single intersection, and displays illegal photos and license plates of illegal vehicles on the webpage. Using the network structure of YOLOv5, modifying the vector output of the Head module, and modifying the rectangular frame detection of the target object to quadrilateral detection, the system can identify vehicles and lane lines with more flexibilities.

With the development of computer technology and information security technology, computer networks will increasingly become an important means of information exchange, permeating all areas of social life. Therefore, recognizing the vulnerabilities and potential threats of computer networks as well as various security problems that exist in reality, designing and researching computer quality architecture, and ensuring the security of network information are issues that need to be resolved urgently. The purpose of this article is to study the design and realization of information security technology and computer quality system structure. This article first summarizes the basic theory of information security technology, and then extends the core technology of information security. Combining the current status of computer quality system structure, analyzing the existing problems and deficiencies, and using information security technology to design and research the computer quality system structure on this basis. This article systematically expounds the function module data, interconnection structure and routing selection of the computer quality system structure. And use comparative method, observation method and other research methods to design and research the information security technology and computer quality system structure. Experimental research shows that when the load of the computer quality system structure studied this time is 0 or 100, the data loss rate of different lengths is 0, and the correct rate is 100, which shows extremely high feasibility.

This paper has a new network security evaluation method as an absorbing Markov chain-based assessment method. This method is different from other network security situation assessment methods based on graph theory. It effectively refinement issues such as poor objectivity of other methods, incomplete consideration of evaluation factors, and mismatching of evaluation results with the actual situation of the network. Firstly, this method collects the security elements in the network. Then, using graph theory combined with absorbing Markov chain, the threat values of vulnerable nodes are calculated and sorted. Finally, the maximum possible attack path is obtained by blending network asset information to determine the current network security status. The experimental results prove that the method fully considers the vulnerability and threat node ranking and the specific case of system network assets, which makes the evaluation result close to the actual network situation.

As the cyberspace structure becomes more and more complex, the problems of dynamic network space topology, complex composition structure, large spanning space scale, and a high degree of self-organization are becoming more and more important. In this paper, we model the cyberspace elements and their dependencies by combining the knowledge of graph theory. Layer adopts a network space modeling method combining virtual and real, and level adopts a spatial iteration method. Combining the layer-level models into one, this paper proposes a fast modeling method for cyberspace security structure model with network connection relationship, hierarchical relationship, and vulnerability information as input. This method can not only clearly express the individual vulnerability constraints in the network space, but also clearly express the hierarchical relationship of the complex dependencies of network individuals. For independent network elements or independent network element groups, it has flexibility and can greatly reduce the computational complexity in later applications.

Aiming at the single hopping strategy in the terminal information hopping active defense technology, a variety of heterogeneous hopping modes are introduced into the terminal information hopping system, the definition of the terminal information is expanded, and the adaptive adjustment of the hopping strategy is given. A network adversarial training simulation system is researched and designed, and related subsystems are discussed from the perspective of key technologies and their implementation, including interactive adversarial training simulation system, adversarial training simulation support software system, adversarial training simulation evaluation system and adversarial training Mock Repository. The system can provide a good environment for network confrontation theory research and network confrontation training simulation, which is of great significance.

Online information security labs intended for training and facilitating hands-on learning for distance students at master’s level are not easy to develop and administer. This research focuses on analyzing the results of a DSR project for design, development, and implementation of an InfoSec lab. This research work contributes to the existing research by putting forth an initial outline of a generalized model for design theory for InfoSec labs aimed at hands-on education of students in the field of information security. The anatomy of design theory framework is used to analyze the necessary components of the anticipated design theory for InfoSec labs in future.

The digital transformation brought on by 5G is redefining current models of end-to-end (E2E) connectivity and service reliability to include security-by-design principles necessary to enable 5G to achieve its promise. 5G trustworthiness highlights the importance of embedding security capabilities from the very beginning while the 5G architecture is being defined and standardized. Security requirements need to overlay and permeate through the different layers of 5G systems (physical, network, and application) as well as different parts of an E2E 5G architecture within a risk-management framework that takes into account the evolving security-threats landscape. 5G presents a typical use-case of wireless communication and computer networking convergence, where 5G fundamental building blocks include components such as Software Defined Networks (SDN), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the edge cloud. This convergence extends many of the security challenges and opportunities applicable to SDN/NFV and cloud to 5G networks. Thus, 5G security needs to consider additional security requirements (compared to previous generations) such as SDN controller security, hypervisor security, orchestrator security, cloud security, edge security, etc. At the same time, 5G networks offer security improvement opportunities that should be considered. Here, 5G architectural flexibility, programmability and complexity can be harnessed to improve resilience and reliability. The working group scope fundamentally addresses the following: •5G security considerations need to overlay and permeate through the different layers of the 5G systems (physical, network, and application) as well as different parts of an E2E 5G architecture including a risk management framework that takes into account the evolving security threats landscape. •5G exemplifies a use-case of heterogeneous access and computer networking convergence, which extends a unique set of security challenges and opportunities (e.g., related to SDN/NFV and edge cloud, etc.) to 5G networks. Similarly, 5G networks by design offer potential security benefits and opportunities through harnessing the architecture flexibility, programmability and complexity to improve its resilience and reliability. •The IEEE FNI security WG's roadmap framework follows a taxonomic structure, differentiating the 5G functional pillars and corresponding cybersecurity risks. As part of cross collaboration, the security working group will also look into the security issues associated with other roadmap working groups within the IEEE Future Network Initiative.

Cloud security has become a serious challenge due to increasing number of attacks day-by-day. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) requires an efficient security model for improving security in the cloud. This paper proposes a game theory based model, named as Game Theory Cloud Security Deep Neural Network (GT-CSDNN) for security in cloud. The proposed model works with the Deep Neural Network (DNN) for classification of attack and normal data. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated with CICIDS-2018 dataset. The dataset is normalized and optimal points about normal and attack data are evaluated based on the Improved Whale Algorithm (IWA). The simulation results show that the proposed model exhibits improved performance as compared with existing techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, F-score, area under the curve, False Positive Rate (FPR) and detection rate.

Information security construction is a social issue, and the most urgent task is to do an excellent job in information risk assessment. The bayesian neural network currently plays a vital role in enterprise information security risk assessment, which overcomes the subjective defects of traditional assessment results and operates efficiently. The risk quantification method based on fuzzy theory and Bayesian regularization BP neural network mainly uses fuzzy theory to process the original data and uses the processed data as the input value of the neural network, which can effectively reduce the ambiguity of language description. At the same time, special neural network training is carried out for the confusion that the neural network is easy to fall into the optimal local problem. Finally, the risk is verified and quantified through experimental simulation. This paper mainly discusses the problem of enterprise information security risk assessment based on a Bayesian neural network, hoping to provide strong technical support for enterprises and organizations to carry out risk rectification plans. Therefore, the above method provides a new information security risk assessment idea.

Malware created by the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups do not typically carry out the attacks in a single stage. The “Cyber Kill Chain” framework developed by Lockheed Martin describes an APT through a seven stage life cycle [5] . APT groups are generally nation state actors [1] . They perform highly targeted attacks and do not stop until the goal is achieved [7] . Researchers are always working toward developing a system and a process to create an environment safe from APT type attacks [2] . In this paper, the threat considered is ransomware which are developed by APT groups. WannaCry is an example of a highly sophisticated ransomware created by the Lazurus group of North Korea and its level of sophistication is evident from the existence of a contingency plan of attack upon being discovered [3] [6] . The major contribution of this research is the analysis of APT type ransomware using game theory to present optimal strategies for the defender through the development of equilibrium solutions when faced with APT type ransomware attack. The goal of the equilibrium solutions is to help the defender in preparedness before the attack and in minimization of losses during and after the attack.

This article analyzes the current situation of computer network security in colleges and universities, future development trends, and the relationship between software vulnerabilities and worm outbreaks. After analyzing a server model with buffer overflow vulnerabilities, a worm implementation model based on remote buffer overflow technology is proposed. Complex networks are the medium of worm propagation. By analyzing common complex network evolution models (rule network models, ER random graph model, WS small world network model, BA scale-free network model) and network node characteristics such as extraction degree distribution, single source shortest distance, network cluster coefficient, richness coefficient, and close center coefficient.

As more and more information systems rely sen-sors for their critical decisions, there is a growing threat of injecting false signals to sensors in the analog domain. In particular, LightCommands showed that MEMS microphones are susceptible to light, through the photoacoustic and photoelectric effects, enabling an attacker to silently inject voice commands to smart speakers. Understanding such unexpected transduction mechanisms is essential for designing secure and reliable MEMS sensors. Is there any other transduction mechanism enabling laser-induced attacks? We positively answer the question by experimentally evaluating two commercial piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensors. By shining a laser light at the piezoresistors through an air hole on the sensor package, the pressure reading changes by ±1000 hPa with 0.5 mW laser power. This phenomenon can be explained by the photoelectric effect at the piezoresistors, which increases the number of carriers and decreases the resistance. We finally show that an attacker can induce the target signal at the sensor reading by shining an amplitude-modulated laser light.

A huge amount of stored and transferred data is expanding rapidly. Therefore, managing and securing the big volume of diverse applications should have a high priority. However, Structured Query Language Injection Attack (SQLIA) is one of the most common dangerous threats in the world. Therefore, a large number of approaches and models have been presented to mitigate, detect or prevent SQL injection attack but it is still alive. Most of old and current models are created based on static, dynamic, hybrid or machine learning techniques. However, SQL injection attack still represents the highest risk in the trend of web application security risks based on several recent studies in 2021. In this paper, we present a review of the latest research dealing with SQL injection attack and its types, and demonstrating several types of most recent and current techniques, models and approaches which are used in mitigating, detecting or preventing this type of dangerous attack. Then, we explain the weaknesses and highlight the critical points missing in these techniques. As a result, we still need more efforts to make a real, novel and comprehensive solution to be able to cover all kinds of malicious SQL commands. At the end, we provide significant guidelines to follow in order to mitigate such kind of attack, and we strongly believe that these tips will help developers, decision makers, researchers and even governments to innovate solutions in the future research to stop SQLIA.

Electrical substations in power grid act as the critical interface points for the transmission and distribution networks. Over the years, digital technology has been integrated into the substations for remote control and automation. As a result, substations are more prone to cyber attacks and exposed to digital vulnerabilities. One of the notable cyber attack vectors is the malicious command injection, which can lead to shutting down of substations and subsequently power outages as demonstrated in Ukraine Power Plant Attack in 2015. Prevailing measures based on cyber rules (e.g., firewalls and intrusion detection systems) are often inadequate to detect advanced and stealthy attacks that use legitimate-looking measurements or control messages to cause physical damage. Additionally, defenses that use physics-based approaches (e.g., power flow simulation, state estimation, etc.) to detect malicious commands suffer from high latency. Machine learning serves as a potential solution in detecting command injection attacks with high accuracy and low latency. However, sufficient datasets are not readily available to train and evaluate the machine learning models. In this paper, focusing on this particular challenge, we discuss various approaches for the generation of synthetic data that can be used to train the machine learning models. Further, we evaluate the models trained with the synthetic data against attack datasets that simulates malicious commands injections with different levels of sophistication. Our findings show that synthetic data generated with some level of power grid domain knowledge helps train robust machine learning models against different types of attacks.

While acquiring precise and intelligent state sensing and control capabilities, the cyber physical power system is constantly exposed to the potential cyber-attack threat. False data injection (FDI) attack attempts to disrupt the normal operation of the power system through the coupling of cyber side and physical side. To deal with the situation that stealthy FDI attack can bypass the bad data detection and thus trigger false commands, a system feature extraction method in state estimation is proposed, and the corresponding FDI attack detection method is presented. Based on the principles of state estimation and stealthy FDI attack, we analyze the impacts of FDI attack on measurement residual. Gaussian fitting method is used to extract the characteristic parameters of residual distribution as the system feature, and attack detection is implemented in a sliding time window by comparison. Simulation results prove that the proposed attack detection method is effectiveness and efficiency.

The modernization of legacy power grids relies on the prevalence of information technology (IT). While the benefits are multi-fold and include increased reliability, more accurate monitoring, etc., the reliance on IT increases the attack surface of power grids by making them vulnerable to cyber-attacks. One of the modernization paths is the emergence of multi-terminal dc systems that offer numerous advantages over traditional ac systems. Therefore, cyber-security issues surrounding dc networks need to be investigated. Contributing to this effort, a class of false data injection attacks, called load redistribution (LR) attacks, that targets dc grids is proposed. These attacks aim to compromise the system load data and lead the system operator to dispatch incorrect power flow commands that lead to adverse consequences. Although similar attacks have been recently studied for ac systems, their feasibility in the converter-based dc grids has yet to be demonstrated. Such an attack assessment is necessary because the dc grids have a much smaller control timescale and are more dependent on IT than their traditional ac counterparts. Hence, this work formulates and evaluates dc grid LR attacks by incorporating voltage-sourced converter (VSC) control strategies that appropriately delineate dc system operations. The proposed attack strategy is solved with Gurobi, and the results show that both control and system conditions can affect the success of an LR attack.

In recent years, as an important part of the Internet, web applications have gradually penetrated into life. Now enterprises, units and institutions are using web applications regardless of size. Intrusion detection to effectively identify malicious traffic has become an inevitable requirement for the development of network security technology. In addition, the proportion of deserialization vulnerabilities is increasing. Traditional intrusion detection mostly focuses on the identification of SQL injection, XSS, and command execution, and there are few studies on the identification of deserialization attack traffic. This paper use a method to extracts relevant features from the deserialized traffic or even the obfuscated deserialized traffic by reorganizing the traffic and running the relevant content through simulation, and combines deep learning technology to make judgments to efficiently identify deserialization attacks. Finally, a prototype system was designed to capture related attacks in real-world. The technology can be used in the field of malicious traffic detection and help combat Internet crimes in the future.

For a long time, online attacks were regarded to pose a severe threat to web - based applications, websites, and clients. It can bypass authentication methods, steal sensitive information from datasets and clients, and also gain ultimate authority of servers. A variety of ways for safeguarding online apps have been developed and used to deal the website risks. Based on the studies about the intersection of cybersecurity and machine learning, countermeasures for identifying typical web assaults have recently been presented (ML). In order to establish a better understanding on this essential topic, it is necessary to study ML methodologies, feature extraction techniques, evaluate datasets, and performance metrics utilised in a systematic manner. In this paper, we go through web security flaws like SQLi, XSS, malicious URLs, phishing attacks, path traversal, and CMDi in detail. We also go through the existing security methods for detecting these threats using machine learning approaches for URL classification. Finally, we discuss potential research opportunities for ML and DL-based techniques in this category, based on a thorough examination of existing solutions in the literature.

Nowadays, safety is a first-rate subject for all applications. There has been an exponential growth year by year in the number of businesses going digital since the few decades following the birth of the Internet. In these technologically advanced times, cyber security is a must mainly for internet applications, so we have the notion of diving deeper into the Cyber security domain and are determined to make a complete project. We aim to develop a website portal for ease of communication between us and the end user. Utilizing the power of python scripting and flask server to make independent automated tools for detection of SQLI, XSS & a Spider(Content Discovery Tool). We have also integrated skipfish as a website vulnerability scanner to our project using python and Kali Linux. Since conducting a penetration test on another website without permission is not legal, we thought of building a dummy website prone to OS Command Injection in addition to the above-mentioned attacks. A well-documented report will be generated after the penetration test/ vulnerability scan. In case the website is vulnerable, patching of the website will be done with the user's consent.

Most of the recent high-profile attacks targeting cyber-physical systems (CPS) started with lengthy reconnaissance periods that enabled attackers to gain in-depth understanding of the victim’s environment. To simulate these stealthy attacks, several covert channel tools have been published and proven effective in their ability to blend into existing CPS communication streams and have the capability for data exfiltration and command injection.In this paper, we report a novel machine learning feature engineering and data processing pipeline for the detection of covert channel attacks on CPS systems with real-time detection throughput. The system also operates at the network layer without requiring physical system domain-specific state modeling, such as voltage levels in a power generation system. We not only demonstrate the effectiveness of using TCP payload entropy as engineered features and the technique of grouping information into network flows, but also pitch the proposed detector against scenarios employing advanced evasion tactics, and still achieve above 99% detection performance.

Modern cyber-physical systems that comprise controlled power electronics are becoming more internet-of-things-enabled and vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Therefore, hardening those systems against cyber-attacks becomes an emerging need. In this paper, a model-based deep learning cyber-attack detection to protect electric drive systems from cyber-attacks on the physical level is proposed. The approach combines the model physics with a deep learning-based classifier. The combination of model-based and deep learning will enable more accurate cyber-attack detection results. The proposed cyber-attack detector will be trained and simulated on a PM based electric drive system to detect false data injection attacks on the drive controller command and sensor signals.